Numerical investigation of liquid water dynamics in wave‐like gas channels of PEMFCs

For the air feed in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), the wave‐like gas channel (GC) shows obvious advantages over the straight GC because the former enhances collision of secondary flow and diffusion in the gas diffusion layer (GDL). However, it is prone to water flooding, which brings greater pressure drop, larger pressure oscillation, and blocking of reaction area. In the present study, numerical models of the water dynamic processes, including water droplets emerging from micropores on the GDL surface and removing through the GC, are established based on the volume of fluid (VOF) method. Water coverage ratio and pressure drop are calculated to evaluate the water flooding. The effects of the dimensional parameters of wave‐like GC and contact angle of channel walls on the water accumulation are studied. The emergence and removal of liquid water is a quasiperiodic and oscillating process. Multicycle simulations show that channel pressure drop increases linearly with greater growth rate than channel length. The equilibrium position of water droplet is strongly dependent on the relative wettability of the GDL and bipolar plate (BPP) surfaces. And the geometric parameters of GC have a significant impact on the pressure, water removal behavior and detachment time. Smaller bent angle brings bigger pressure drop, and larger cycle length is helpful for relieving the oscillation of pressure.     

Effect of aspect ratio on saturated boiling flow in microchannels with nonuniform heat flux

Microchannel two‐phase flow is an effective cooling method used in microelectronics, in which the heat flux density is unevenly distributed usually. The paper is focused on numerical study the effect of aspect ratio on the flow boiling of microchannels with nonuniform heat flux. The heat source is a three‐dimensional (3D) integrated circuit. 3D microchannel model and volume of fluid method are coupled in numerical simulation. The results show that the aspect ratio has no relationship with the two‐phase pressure drop of the microchannel. It has a certain influence on the distribution of bubble shape. In terms of the heat transfer coefficient, the aspect ratio has a certain influence on a section of the inlet. Due to the nucleate boiling, the convective heat transfer in the remaining areas is the dominant factor and the average heat transfer coefficient is mainly determined by the heat flux at the bottom of the channel.     

竞技二打一游戏中同等牌力的研究

全国竞技二打一扑克锦标赛是国家体育总局棋牌运动管理中心推出的新兴项目，比赛采用复式赛赛制，然而这种赛制存在无法杜绝线上比赛作弊的问题，为此提出用同等牌力赛制来代替复式赛制进行比赛的设想。本文主要针对如何判定和选取具有同等牌力的初始手牌进行研究，提出用等级难度评估指标来计算初始手牌的难度，初始手牌难度相近的牌认定为同等牌力，并给出了同等牌力的选取方法；为保证一副牌所得等级难度评估指标的可靠性，提出用多个不同水平的“二打一AI程序”来代替真人打牌产生牌谱的方法。实验证明了同等牌力生成方法的有效性，本文提出的同等牌力方法应用于比赛是可行的。     

液层Pr比值对环形双液层热毛细对流的影响

为了解双层流体系统上液层流体与下液层流体普朗特数(Pr)对热毛细对流的影响,通过线性稳定性分析,确定了上液层流体与下液层流体Pr比值从0.164～5.417时环形双层流体热毛细对流失稳的临界条件,预测了它们的4种流动失稳型式,即轮辐状的几乎占据了整个液层的"轮辐波"、轮辐状的热流体波与同波数共同旋向的靠热壁处流胞、径向流动的三维稳态流动、靠热壁处的短小的"边沿波"。结果表明:随着上、下液层Pr比值的增大,环形双液层流体的流动稳定性以上、下液层Pr比值0.750为分界线呈分段上升趋势。上、下液层Pr比值约为0.750时,双液层流体的稳定性最差,此时易出现流动分岔现象。为了获得更好的系统流动稳定性、提高生长晶体的质量,在选择双液层工质对时,应选择上、下液层Pr比值较大的工质对。     

Failure load prediction and optimisation for adhesively bonded joints enabled by deep learning and fruit fly optimisation

Adhesively bonded joints have been extensively employed in the aeronautical and automotive industries to join thin-layer materials for developing lightweight components. To strengthen the structural integrity of joints, it is critical to estimate and improve joint failure loads effectually. To accomplish the aforementioned purpose, this paper presents a novel deep neural network (DNN) model-enabled approach, and a single lap joint (SLJ) design is used to support research development and validation. The approach is innovative in the following aspects: (i) the DNN model is reinforced with a transfer learning (TL) mechanism to realise an adaptive prediction on a new SLJ design, and the requirement to re-create new training samples and re-train the DNN model from scratch for the design can be alleviated; (ii) a fruit fly optimisation (FFO) algorithm featured with the parallel computing capability is incorporated into the approach to efficiently optimise joint parameters based on joint failure load predictions. Case studies were developed to validate the effectiveness of the approach. Experimental results demonstrate that, with this approach, the number of datasets and the computational time required to re-train the DNN model for a new SLJ design were significantly reduced by 92.00% and 99.57% respectively, and the joint failure load was substantially increased by 9.96%.     

Design of data feature-driven 1D/2D convolutional neural networks classifier for recycling black plastic wastes through laser spectroscopy

In this study, two types of convolutional neural network (CNN) classifiers are designed to handle the problem of classifying black plastic wastes. In particular, the black plastic wastes have the property of absorbing laser light coming from spectrometer. Therefore, the classification of black plastic wastes remains still a challenging problem compared to classifying other colored plastic wastes using existing spectroscopy (i.e., NIR). When it comes the classification problem of black plastic wastes, effective classification techniques by the laser spectroscopy of Fourier Transform-Infrared Radiation (FT-IR) with Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) and Raman to analyze the classification problem of black plastic wastes are introduced. Due to the strong ability of extracting spatial features and remarkable performance in image classification, 1D and 2D CNN through data features are designed as classifiers. The technique of chemical peak points selection is considered to reduce data redundancy. Furthermore, through the selection of data features based on the extracted 1D data with peak points is introduced. Experimental results demonstrate that 2DCNN classifier designed with the help of 2D data feature selection as well as 1DCNN classifier shows the best performance compared with other reported methods for classifying black plastic wastes.     

A new method to improve the stability,tensile strength,and heat resistant properties of shape‐memory epoxy resins: Two‐stages curing

In this article, we design a new thermal curing method: two‐stage curing. The purpose of using this approach is to maintain the excellent shape‐memory property of epoxy resin system after first stage curing, and the material can be folded in small size to storage or transportation and recovery its original shape commodiously by heating temperature. Then, after second stage curing, the stability, glass transition temperature(T_g), and tensile strength of material can be improved effectively. For this aim, a series of mixtures have been prepared. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), tensile test, scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and fold‐deploy shape‐memory test have been used to characterize the feasibility of two‐stage curing process, curing degree, tensile strength, morphology, thermodynamic properties, and shape‐memory performance of these polymers. DSC results show that two independent curing stages can be achieved successfully. Tensile tests and DMA results suggest that tensile strength and heat resistance have been improved after the second curing stage. SEM results reveal that the addition of latent curing agent do not change the fracture mechanism. Furthermore, the fold‐deploy shape‐memory tests prove that the composites after first stage curing possess eximious shape‐memory property. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39882.     

橡胶改性双组分丙烯酸酯胶粘剂的研究

将为克服双组分丙烯酸酯胶粘剂(SGA)韧性差、耐冲击性差的缺点,采用不同橡胶对其进行改性。以苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物SBS1401、氯丁橡胶(CR3223)、氯磺化聚乙烯CSM3305、粉末丁腈橡胶GS33为增韧剂,考查了它们对SGA胶液稳定性、黏度及力学性能的影响。结果表明,当采用CR3223、GS33时胶液稳定性较好;不同橡胶对胶粘剂的黏度影响较大;当w CR3223=6%或w CSM3305=4%或w GS33=3%时,制备的胶粘剂拉伸剪切强度较高;当w CR3223=5%或w CSM3305=3%或w GS33=4%时,制备的胶粘剂冲击强度较高。()()()()()()()()()     

双组分聚氨酯人造草背胶的研制

介绍了一种双组分聚氨酯人造草背胶的制备方法,以聚醚多元醇、异氰酸酯为主体原料,3,3'-二氯-4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷(MOCA)为扩链剂,研究了不同聚醚多元醇质量比、扩链剂用量、异氰酸酯质量比、异氰酸酯指数对人造草背胶操作时间、脱粘时间及力学性能的影响。结果表明,当异氰酸根指数为0.99,A组分中聚醚多元醇MN-3050与DL-1000质量份数分别为80、20,A组分中扩链剂MOCA用量为4份,B组分中MDI-50与PM-200质量比为1∶1,当A、B组分按质量比2∶1混合时,操作时间及脱粘时间最佳,人造草背胶的综合力学性能达到最好。     

改性水泥助磨剂的研究

研究了改性二乙醇胺聚氧乙烯醚的合成工艺,并与三乙醇胺做水泥助磨剂进行对比试验。发现改性二乙醇胺聚氧乙烯醚在提高水泥的流动性、降低筛余、减小粉体颗粒之间的接触角和摩擦阻力等方面明显优于三乙醇胺。